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التفاصيل

المجموعة الأم: ???????

نشر بتاريخ الأربعاء, 05 حزيران/يونيو 2013 13:33

الزيارات: 8068

??????? ???????: ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????

?? ????? ??? 923 ?.? -  ????? ???  623?

 ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? 15 ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????.

 

80 ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? (????? ??? 923 ?. ?)? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? (????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????) ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????.

 

-        ??? ?????: (?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????) ?????? 61

 

????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? Israel ?? ??????? ???????? ????? (???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? "????" Shechem)? ?????? ????? Judah ?? ??????? ???????? ????? (???? ???? ?????? ???????? "???????") ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? Pharaohs ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????? Assyrians? ?? ????????? Babylonians ?? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? Shishaq ???? ????? ????? ????? 10 ??? ???????. ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? (????? ??? 721 ?.?)? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? (????? ??? 586 ?. ?).

 

????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? Nebuchadnezzar II ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? (????? ???? ???????? ??? "?????"? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? "??????" ?? "??????" ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????). ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? (??? ???? ????? 7 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????).

 

???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? Persians ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? (????? ??? 539 ?.?)? ???? ????? ???? Cyrus ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? (?????? ???? ???????? "????? ??????" ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????). ???? ????  ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? [1] ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? Jews. ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????.

 

?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? Greek ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? Alexander the Great (????? ??? 332 ?.?)? ?? ??????? ???????? Ptolemaics? ?? ????????? Seleucids. ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? "????" ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? "????????? Maccabees" ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? (??? ???? 163 ?.? - 63 ?. ? ??????).

 

?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? Hasmonean kingdom? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????[2].

 

??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? Pompey ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 63 ?. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????.

 

 ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????. ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

 

??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? Herod the Great (????? ??? 37 ?.?). ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???????. ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? (????? ??? 20 ?.?)? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? (???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? "???? ????" ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????).

 

???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? (???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????)

 

????? ??? ??? ???????  ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????.

 

-        ??? ?????: (??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????. ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????????. ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????. ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????) ?????? 123- 126

-        ??? ?????: (?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????. ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????) ??????? 70-71

 

????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? Jesus of Nazareth ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? (????? ??? 4?).

 

??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? Zechariah ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????.

 

-        ??? ?????: (????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????????. ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????) ?? ????? 33- 35

 

???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? John the Baptist ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????.

 

-        ??? ?????: (???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????????) ??????? 85

-        ??? ?????: (??????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????) ?? ????? 39

 

??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????.

 

-        ??? ?????: (?????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????????. ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????) ?? ????? 49-50

-        ??? ?????: (?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????) ???? 6

 

???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????:

 

-        ?? ‏?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ‏‏??? ???? ???? ???? ‏???: (????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????..) ???? ????/ ???? 16542 ????? ????????

 

 ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?"????? ????"? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????.

 

??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? Pilate? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? (????? ??? 33?).

 

-        ??? ?????: (???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????) ?????? 87

-        ??? ?????: (??????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????. ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????) ?????? 155- 159

 

???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? apostles? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????.

 

 -        ??? ?????: (?????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ???????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????. ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????) ??????? 167- 169

 

 ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? Titus ?????? ??????? ????? ??? 70?. ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????.

 

??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????

 

??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? Hadrian ???????? ????? ??? 135?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? Aelia Capitolina? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? [3] ??????? ???????.

???? ??????? (??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????)

??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????.

 

-        ??? ?????: (?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????) ??????? 14

-        ??? ?????: (??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????) ?????? 171

 

???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? Constantine ???? ?????? ?????? Helena? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????.

 

?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? Church of the resurrection (???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? Church of Holy Sepulcher) ????? ??? 335?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????.

 

????? ????? ?????? (????? ???????) ??? ??? ?? ??? 1885?

 

???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? 50 ????? ??? ??? 395?? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????????: ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? Constantinople (?????? Byzantium ?????)? ?????? ???????? ???? Rome. ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? (??????) ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????????? ?????????.

 

 ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? Justinian ????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 530?.

 

????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????

 

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????

 

??? ????  ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? 614?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? Heraclius? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????.

 

-        ??? ?????: (???????? ????????) ????? 2

 

 ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????.

 

???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????.

 

-        ??? ?????: (???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????????) ?? ????? 55

 

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